in Sugarcane Biotechnology: Challenges and Prospects (ed. Our study provides new insights into the origin and evolution of Saccharum and accelerates translational research in cereal genetics and genomics. Sequencing data for 211 accessions in the Saccharum complex indicated that Saccharum probably originated in the trans-Himalayan region from a diploid ancestor ( x = 10) around 1.9–2.5 million years ago. An overall low rate of gene transcription was observed in the palaeo-duplicated chromosome EruChr05 similar to other grasses, which might be regulated by methylation patterns mediated by homologous 24 nt small RNAs, and potentially mediating the functions of many nucleotide-binding site genes. The complete assembly revealed that centromere satellite homogenization was accompanied by the insertions of Gypsy retrotransposons, which drove centromere diversification. Here we have generated a complete, gap-free genome assembly of Erianthus rufipilus, a diploid species within the Saccharum complex.
A diploid genome in the Saccharum complex facilitates our understanding of evolution in the highly polyploid Saccharum genus.
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